strncmp()

This function compare n character in two strings to find out whether they are same or different.

The two string are compared character by character until there is a mismatch or end of one of the strings is reached, whichever occurs first.

If the two strings are identical, strncmp() return zero.
If they are not, it returns the numeric difference between the ASCII values of the first non-matching pair of characters.

In summarize:
(Compare ASCII values of string's characters)
if both string equal = 0
if first string > second string = +ve
if first string < second string = -ve

Note: strncmp() is case sensitive.

syntax:

strncmp("first_sting","second_string",no_of_character);

strcmpi()

This is function is same as strcmpi() aspect it is not case sensitive. 

This function compare two strings to find out whether they are same or different.

The two string are compared character by character until there is a mismatch or end of one of the strings is reached, whichever occurs first.

If the two strings are identical, strcmpi() return zero.
If they are not, it returns the numeric difference between the ASCII values of the first non-matching pair of characters.

In summarize:
(Compare ASCII values of string's characters)
if both string equal = 0
if first string > second string = +ve
if first string < second string = -ve

syntax:

strcmpi("first_sting","second_string");

strcmp()

This function compare two strings to find out whether they are same or different.

The two string are compared character by character until there is a mismatch or end of one of the strings is reached, whichever occurs first.

If the two strings are identical, strcmp() return zero.
If they are not, it returns the numeric difference between the ASCII values of the first non-matching pair of characters.

In summarize:
(Compare ASCII values of string's characters)
if both string equal = 0
if first string > second string = +ve
if first string < second string = -ve

Note: strcmp() is case sensitive.

syntax:

strcmp("first_sting","second_string");

strncpy()

This function copy only first n characters of source string to target string.
n = no. of characters(i.e. numeric value)

syntax:

strncpy("target_string","Source_string",no_of_characters);

example:

strncpy(target,source,3);
Output: souget

illustrate uses of strncpy() in C program:

strncat()

This function concatenates n characters of source string in the target string.


syntax:

strncat("target_string","source_string",no_of_character);

example:

source="book"
target="face"
strncat(target,source,3);
[Here, source string(i.e. book) first 3 characters is add at the end of target string(i.e. face). Hence now value of target string(i.e. face) is "faceboo".

illustrate strcat() in C program:

strcat()

This function concatenates the source string at the end of the target string.

syntax:

strcat("target_string","source_string");

example:

source="book"
target="face"
strcat(target,source);
[Here, source string(i.e. book) is add at the end of target string(i.e. face). Hence now value of target string(i.e. face) is "facebook".

illustrate strcat() in C program:

strcpy()

This function copies the contents of one string into another.
The base address of the source and target strings should be supplied to this function.

Note: If target_string is not empty and it is uses in strcpy() function, then its overlap with source_string.

syntax:

strcpy("target_string","source_string");

example:

strcpy(target_string,source_string);

illustrate uses strcpy() in C program:

strlen()

This function counts the number of characters present in a string.
Hence, strlen() function return always numeric value.

syntax:

strlen("Any_string");

example:

strlen("C Program");

It return : 9

The following program illustrated the uses of strlen() function as:

C Standard Library Inbuilt Function

With every C compiler, a large set of useful string handling library function are provided.
Below lists the more commonly used functions along with their name and features as:

Function name	Features
strlen()	Calculate length of string
strcpy()	Copy from one string to another
strncpy()	Copies first n characters of one string into another
strcat()	Appends one string at the end of another
strncat()	Appends first n characters of a string at the end of another
strcmp()	Compares two string
strncmp()	Compares first n characters of two string
strcmpi()	Compares two string with ignore the case
stricmp	Compares two string with ignore the case(identical to strcmpi)
strnicmp	Compares first n characters of two string with ignore the case
strlwr	Convert a string to lowercase
strupr	Convert a string to uppercase
strrev	Reverse string
strdup	Duplicate a string
strchr	Finds first occurrence of a given character in a string
strrchr	Finds last occurrence of a given character in a string
strstr	Finds first occurrence of a given string in another string
strset	Sets all characters of string to a given character
strnset	Sets first n characters of a string to a given character

Table: Standard Library String Function in C Language

(For syntax, example and use of above function, click at related function name.)

Number Character Triangle

Q. Write a C program to print the following number character pyramid as:

1
21A
321AB
4321ABC
54321ABCD

Ans.

/*c program for number character triangle*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c,p,z;
 printf("Enetr no. of rows : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
  for(c=r; c>=1; c--)
      printf("%d",c);
  for(z='A',p=r; p>1; p--,z++)
      printf("%c",z);
  printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for number character pyramid C program

Odd Number Triangle

Q. Write a C program to print the following number triangle as:

 0
 1 0 1
 2 1 0 2 1
 3 2 1 0 1 2 3

Ans.

/*c program for odd number triangle*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c,q,s;
 printf("Enter ending number : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=0; r<=num; r++)
 {
  for(c=0,s=r; c<=r; c++,s--)
     printf(" %d",s);
  for(q=1; q<=r; q++)
     printf(" %d",q);
  printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for number triangle C program

Continue Character-Number Pyramid

Q. Write a C program to print the following character number pyramid as:

1
A B
2 3 4
C D E F
5 6 7 8 9

Ans.

/*c program character number pyramid*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c;
 static int i=1;
 static char ch='A';
 printf("Enter no. of rows : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
  for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
  {
    if(r%2==0)
       printf(" %c",ch++);
    else
       printf(" %d",i++);
  }
  printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for character-number pyramid C program

Differ Symbol Pyramid

Q. write C program to print the following symbol pyramid as:

*
$$
***
$$$$

Ans.

/*c program for symbol pyramid*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c;
 printf("Enter no. of rows : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
   {
     if(r%2==0)
        printf(" $");
     else
        printf(" *");
   }
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for differ-symbol pyramid C program

Character - Symbol Pyramid

Q. Write a C program to print the following character and symbol design:

A
**
ABC
****
ABCDE
****
ABC
**
A

Ans.

/*c program for character and star pyramid*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 char ch,r,c,q;
 printf("Enter ending character : ");
 scanf("%c", &ch);
 if(ch>='a' && ch<='z')
    ch=ch-32;
 for(r='A'; r<=ch; r++)
 {
  for(c='A'; c<=r; c++)
  {
    if(r%2==0)
       printf("*");
    else
       printf("%c",c);
  }
  printf("\n");
 }
 for(q=ch-1; q>='A'; q--)
 {
  for(c='A'; c<=q; c++)
  {
    if(q%2==0)
       printf("*");
    else
       printf("%c",c);
  }
  printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: screen shot for character star pyramid C program

-------------------------------------------


Q. Write a C program to print the following number and symbol design:

1
**
123
****
12345
****
123
**
1

Ans.

/*c program for number and star pyramid*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c,n;
 printf("Enter ending number : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
  for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
  {
    if(r%2==0)
       printf("*");
    else
       printf("%d",c);
  }
  printf("\n");
 }
 for(n=num-1; n>=1; n--)
 {
  for(c=1; c<=n; c++)
  {
    if(n%2==0)
       printf("*");
    else
       printf("%d",c);
  }
  printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for number symbol pyramid C program

Odd Number Triangle

Q. Write a C program to print the following number pyramid as:

1
1 3
1 3 5
1 3 5 7
1 3 5 7 9

Ans.

/*c program for odd number triangle*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c,z;
 printf("Enter no. of rows : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(c=1,z=1; c<=r; c++,z=z+2)
       printf("%d ",z);
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for odd number pyramid C program

Simple Star Pyramid

Q. Write a C program to print the following star structure as:

*********
*******
*****
***
*

Ans.

/*c program for simple star pyramid*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num=5,n=9,r,c;
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++,n=n-2)
 {
   for(c=1; c<=n; c++)
       printf("*");
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for simple star pyramid C program

Star Pyramid

Q. print the following star structure as:

*****
****
***
**
*
**
***
****
*****

Ans.

/*c star pyramid program*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,n,r,c,z;
 printf("Enter no. of rows : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 n=num;
 for(r=1; r<num; r++,n--)
 {
  for(c=1; c<=n; c++)
     printf("*");
  printf("\n");
 }
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
  for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
      printf("*");
  printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for star pyramid C program

Even Odd Number Star Pyramid

Q. Write a C program to print the following even odd number star pyramid as:

1
*2
1*3
*2*4
1*3*5
*2*4*6

Ans.

/*odd even number star pyramid C program*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c,z;
 printf("Enter no. of rows : ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(c=1,z=r; c<=r; c++,z--)
   {
     if(z%2==0)
        printf("%d",c);
     else
        printf("*");
   }
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for odd even number star pyramid C program

Number Star Pyarmid

Q. Write a C program to print the following number star pyramid as:

1
1*
1*3
1*3*
1*3*5
1*3*5*

Ans.

/*number star c pyramid program*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num,r,c;
 printf("Enter no. of rows: ");
 scanf("%d", &num);
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
  for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
  {
    if(c%2==0)
       printf("*");
    else
       printf("%d",c);
  }
  printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for number star pyramid C program

Reverse Number Pyramid

Q. Write a C program to print the reverse number pyramid as:

10 9 8 7
6  5 4
3  2
1

Ans.

/*c program for reverse number pyramid*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int n=4,num,r,c;
 static int p=10;
 num = n;
 for(r=1; r<=n; r++,num--)
 {
   for(c=1; c<=num; c++)
   {
     printf("%d ",p);
     p--;
   }
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for number pyramid C program

Number star pyramid

Q. write a C program to print the following number star pyramid as:

1
**
123
****
12345
******

Ans.

/* c program for number star pyramid */
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
 int num=6,r,c;
 for(r=1; r<=num; r++)
 {
   for(c=1; c<=r; c++)
   {
      if(r%2==0)
         printf("*");
      else
         printf("%d",c);
   }
   printf("\n");
 }
 getch();
 return 0;
}

The output of above program would be:

Figure: Screen shot for number-star pyramid C program